Research, Articles & Case Studies
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Gut bacteria regulate nerve fibre insulation
Mo CostandiCurriculums:
Research suggests that gut bacteria may directly affect brain structure and function, offering new ways to treat multiple sclerosis and psychiatric conditions. The surprising new findings, published today in the journal Translational Psychiatry, provide what is perhaps the strongest evidence yet that gut bacteria can have a direct physical effect on the brain, and suggest that it may one day be possible to treat debilitating demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis, and even psychiatric disorders, by altering the composition of the gut’s microbial menagerie in some way or another.
Kraniosakralni Terapie
Helena TouskovaCurriculums:
CST and Upledger Institute in a Czech lifestyle magazine
How the brain processes emotions
Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCurriculums:
Neuroscientists identify circuits that could play a role in mental illnesses, including depression. A new study reveals how two populations of neurons in the brain contribute to the brain's inability to correctly assign emotional associations to events. Learning how this information is routed and misrouted could shed light on mental illnesses including depression, addiction, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder.
A Sensitive Subject
Sonia FernandezCurriculums:
UCSB researchers catalog for the first time patterns of vibration on the skin of the hand that are part of how we sense the world through touch
New Research will Change the Way We Think About Depression. (Finally!)
Hey SigmundCurriculums:
The researchers found that depression affects the whole body on a cellular level. When we change the way we think about depression – as an illness of the whole body, not just an illness of the mind – we open up new possibilities for treatment. The body can heal and so can the mind.
Sixth Sense: Science begins to Explain How We Sense Electric Fields
The Mind UnleasedCurriculums:
Scientists are starting to figure out what is going on inside our cells when we sense electrical fields.
Involvement of astrocytes in neurovascular communication
M. Nuriya*, H. HiraseCurriculums:
Abstract: Neuroscientists suggest possible functional roles of astrocytes including astrocytic modulation of the vasculature.
Vascular basement membranes as pathways for the passage of fluid into and out of the brain
Alan W. J. Morris · Matthew MacGregor Sharp · Nazira J. Albargothy · Rute Fernandes1 · Cheryl A. Hawkes3 · Ajay Verma · Roy O. Weller1 · Roxana O. CarareCurriculums:
The objective of this study is to differentiate the cerebral
vascular basement membrane pathways by which fluid passes out of the brain from
the pathway by which CSF enters the brain.
In the absence of conventional lymphatics, drainage of
interstitial fluid and solutes from the brain parenchyma to cervical lymph
nodes is along basement membranes in the walls of cerebral capillaries and
tunica media of arteries. Perivascular pathways are also involved in the entry
of CSF into the brain by the convective influx/ glymphatic system.
Experiment 1: 0.5 µl
of soluble biotinylated or fluorescent Aβ, or 1 µl 15 nm gold nanoparticles was
injected into the mouse hippocampus and their distributions determined at 5 min
by transmission electron microscopy. Aβ was distributed within the
extracellular spaces of the hippocampus and within basement membranes of
capillaries and tunica media of arteries. Nanoparticles did not enter capillary
basement membranes from the extracellular spaces. Experiment 2: 2 µl of 15 nm
nanoparticles were injected into mouse CSF. Within 5min, groups of
nanoparticles were present in the pial-glial basement membrane on the outer
aspect of cortical arteries between the investing layer of pia mater and the
glia limitans. The results of this study and previous research suggest that cerebral
vascular basement membranes form the pathways by which fluid passes into and
out of the brain but that different basement membrane layers are involved. The
significance of these findings for neuroimmunology, Alzheimer’s disease, drug
delivery to the brain and the concept of the Virchow–Robin space are discussed.
Astrocytes As the Main Players in Primary Degenerative Disorders of the Human Central Nervous System
Francisco Capani, Cecilia Quarracino, Roberto Caccuri and Roberto E. P. SicaCurriculums:
Along the last years it has been demonstrated that non-neural cells play a major role in the pathogenesis of the primary degenerative disorders (PDDs) of the human central nervous system. In this mini review they summarize the astrocytic behavior in PDDs, with special consideration to the experimental observations where astrocytic pathology precedes the development of neuronal dysfunction.
The Brain Drain; An Internal Plumbing System Rids the brain of toxic wastes. Sleep is when this cleanup ritual occurs
Maiken Nedergaard & Steven A. GoldmanCurriculums:
This article talks about: • Where do these wastes go if the brain lacks the elaborate network of lymph vessels that transports wastes outside the nervous system? New research has recently found detritus-carrying passages in the brain that are most active during sleep. • The glymphatic system, as these fluid vessels are known, may become a critical target for the treatment of neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's that result from the buildup of toxic proteins that are not cleared from the brain.